Grades K - 4
Educational experiences in Grades K - 4 will assure that students:
- recognize (in Grades K-2) forms of energy (e.g., heat, light,
sound) used every day;
- recognize (in Grades K-2) that visible light contains the
colors of the rainbow;
- demonstrate (in Grades K-2) that sound can be produced by
vibrating objects;
- recognize (in Grades K-2) that energy can be used to bring
about changes in matter (e.g., melt an ice cube);
- demonstrate (in Grades K-2) that sound has different properties
(e.g., high-low, loud-soft);
- understand (in Grades K-2) that the suns rays warm objects
on the Earth;
- describe various forms of energy, such as light, heat, electrical
and chemical, and cite examples of the change of one form into
another;
- recognize that sounds can be varied by making changes to the
objects emitting the sound (e.g., tautness of a string, length
of a tube, medium through which the sound travels);
- recognize that some materials conduct heat better than others,
and that poor conductors (insulators) can reduce heat loss;
- give examples of ways energy consumption can be reduced;
- recognize that primary colors of light can be mixed to create
other colors;
- demonstrate that light has a number of properties, such as
color, brightness and direction of travel; and
- demonstrate that light can be absorbed, reflected, transmitted
and bent using mirrors and lenses.
Grades 5 - 8
Educational experiences in Grades 5 - 8 will assure that students:
- recognize that energy can neither be created nor destroyed;
- identify energy transformations that occur in various systems
(e.g., biological, mechanical, geological) and recognize that
heat is a by product of energy transformations;
- demonstrate that heat can be transferred by convection, conduction
and radiation;
- recognize that energy exists in many forms (e.g., light, heat,
chemical, electrical and mechanical) and that energy can be
transformed from one form to another;
- understand that all physical changes, including changes of
state, require energy;
- recognize that the sun produces energy in a range of wavelengths
within the electromagnetic spectrum; and
- compare and contrast different forms of energy in terms of
their wave-lengths on the electromagnetic spectrum.
Grades 9 - 12
Educational experiences in Grades 9 - 12 will assure that students:
- classify various forms of energy as either kinetic or potential;
- recognize that heat energy is related to the disordered motion
of atoms or molecules;
- understand that the total amount of disorder in the universe
is increasing;
- explain that, although energy changes into different forms
within a closed system, the total amount of energy remains unchanged,
while the amount of useful energy is decreased;
- describe the nature of different types of waves, how they
are produced, and how they transfer energy;
- understand that every object exerts a gravitational force
on every other object; and
- interpret the physical characteristics of sound, (including
pitch and loudness) in terms of wave theory.
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The following GEMS guides address this Standard:
Hot Water and Warm Homes from Sunlight
Grades 4-8
Color Analyzers Grades 5-8
Convection: A Current Event
Grades 6-8
Dry Ice Investigations
Grades 6-8
Invisible Universe
Grades 6-8
Living with a Star
Grades 6-8
Global Warming & The Greenhouse Effect
Grades 7-8
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